Industrial Vacuum Specifications

Dynamic Type Vacuum Producers:
Principles of operation - centrifugal exhausters 

 
   

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A multi-stage unit
multiplies the above

Principles of Operation

A centrifugal exhauster is a dynamic rather than positive displacement type.  Its working performance is characterized by variable air flow at a relatively constant vacuum, where the horsepower requirements increase with flow.  These machines may function either as vacuum producers or as compressors, solely depending on which end is connected to process. 

The exhauster consists of a series of impellers keyed to a common shaft which is rotated at 3600 rpm.  A cast iron housing is constructed so that air is directed sequentially through each impeller in a series of "stages" from the inlet to the outlet.

As an impeller spins, a low pressure area is created that draws air into its "eye" (see above).  Blades encased in the impellers impart a high velocity to the air as it moves radially outward towards the periphery by centrifugal force.  Part of the velocity head is created into static pressure.   The casing - or diffuser - then directs the air toward the eye of the next impeller.

By employing a number of impellers in series, pressure or vacuum may be incrementally increased toward the desired design performance.   With a centrifugal exhauster, the number of stages added determines the level of vacuum; the physical size of the impeller determines the air flow range.
 

 Resources

 

See also:

HSI Multi-Stage Centrifugal Data
How to size a centrifugal exhauster


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title: How a centrifugal exhauster works